Publications & Resources
Developing Academic English Language Proficiency Prototypes for 5th Grade Reading: Psychometric and Linguistic Profiles of Tasks: An Extended Executive Summary
Jun 2007
Alison L. Bailey, Becky H. Huang, Hye Won Shin, Tim Farnsworth, and Frances A. Butler
Within an evidentiary framework for operationally defining academic English language proficiency (AELP), linguistic analyses of standards, classroom discourse, and textbooks have led to specifications for assessment of AELP. The test development process described here is novel due to the emphasis on using linguistic profiles to inform the creation of test specifications and guide the writing of draft tasks. In this report, we outline the test development process we have adopted and provide the results of studies designed to turn the drafted tasks into illustrative prototypes (i.e., tried out tasks) of AELP for the 5th grade. The tasks use the reading modality; however, they were drafted to measure the academic language construct and not reading comprehension per se. That is, the tasks isolate specific language features (e.g., vocabulary, grammar, language functions) occurring in different content areas (e.g., mathematics, science, and social studies texts). Taken together these features are necessary for reading comprehension in the content areas. Indeed, students will need to control all these features in order to comprehend information presented in their textbooks. By focusing on the individual language features, rather than the subject matter or overall meaning of a text, the AELP tasks are designed to help determine whether a student has sufficient antecedent knowledge of English language features to be able to comprehend the content of a text.
The work reported here is the third and final stage of an iterative test development process. In previous CRESST work, we conducted a series of studies to develop specifications and create tasks of AELP. Specifically, we first specified the construct by synthesizing evidence from linguistic analyses of ELD and content standards, textbooks (mathematics, science, and social studies), and teacher talk in classrooms, resulting in language demand profiles for the 5th grade. After determining task format by frequency of assessment types in textbooks, we then created draft tasks aligned with the language profiles.
Bailey, A. L., Huang, B. H., Shin, H. W., Farnsworth, T., & Butler, F. A. (2007). Developing academic English language proficiency prototypes for 5th grade reading: Psychometric and linguistic profiles of tasks: An extended executive summary (CSE Report 720). Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST).