Publications & Resources

A Sample Assessment Using the Four Process Framework

May 2001

Russell Almond, Linda Steinberg and Robert Mislevy

This paper describes a four-process model for the operation of a generic assessment: ACTIVITY SELECTION, PRESENTATION, RESPONSE PROCESSING (EVIDENCE IDENTIFICATION), and SUMMARY SCORING (EVIDENCE ACCUMULATION). It discusses the relationships between the functions and responsibilities of these processes and the objects in the IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) information model. The ideas are illustrated with hypothetical examples that concern elementary Chinese language proficiency. The complementary modular structures of the design framework and the operational processes encourage efficiency in design and the reuse of objects and processes.

Almond, R., Steinberg, L., & Mislevy, R. (2001). A sample assessment using the four process framework (CSE Report 543). Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST).